From 88f42539bb378ec25410967634c1e3ae274473a3 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: dokutan <54861821+dokutan@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Sun, 03 May 2020 19:53:43 +0200
Subject: [PATCH] Fix error caused by locked chest recipes (#548)

---
 manual.md |  193 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++------
 1 files changed, 167 insertions(+), 26 deletions(-)

diff --git a/manual.md b/manual.md
index 1b8f1ed..071cc6a 100644
--- a/manual.md
+++ b/manual.md
@@ -13,9 +13,16 @@
     signalling elements
 *   pipeworks, which supports the automation of item transport
 *   moreores, which provides some additional ore types
+*   basic_materials, which provides some basic craft items
 
-This manual doesn't explain how to use these other modpacks, which ought
-to (but actually don't) have their own manuals.
+This manual doesn't explain how to use these other modpacks, which have
+their own manuals:
+
+*   [Minetest Game Documentation](https://wiki.minetest.net/Main_Page)
+*   [Mesecons Documentation](http://mesecons.net/items.html)
+*   [Pipeworks Documentation](https://gitlab.com/VanessaE/pipeworks/-/wikis/home)
+*   [Moreores Forum Post](https://forum.minetest.net/viewtopic.php?t=549)
+*   [Basic materials Repository](https://gitlab.com/VanessaE/basic_materials)
 
 Recipes for constructable items in technic are generally not guessable,
 and are also not specifically documented here.  You should use a
@@ -68,10 +75,11 @@
 Although common, it is very heavily used, and most of the time it will
 be the material that most limits your activity.
 
-Tin is supplied by the moreores mod.  It is found from elevation +8
-downwards, with no elevation-dependent variations in abundance beyond
-that point.  It is a common metal.  Its main use in pure form is as a
-component of electrical batteries.  Apart from that its main purpose is
+Tin is part of the basic Minetest game (having migrated there from
+moreores).  It is found from elevation +8 downwards, with no
+elevation-dependent variations in abundance beyond that point.
+It is a common metal.  Its main use in pure form is as a component
+of electrical batteries.  Apart from that its main purpose is
 as the secondary ingredient in bronze (the base being copper), but bronze
 is itself little used.  Its abundance is well in excess of its usage,
 so you will usually have a surplus of it.
@@ -179,10 +187,7 @@
 blocks, so several latex lumps can be extracted from a tree in one visit.
 
 Raw latex isn't used directly.  It must be vulcanized to produce finished
-rubber.  This can be performed by simply cooking the latex, with each
-latex lump producing one lump of rubber.  If you have an extractor,
-however, the latex is better processed there: each latex lump will
-produce three lumps of rubber.
+rubber.  This can be performed by alloying the latex with coal dust.
 
 ### metal ###
 
@@ -672,6 +677,142 @@
 in both locked and unlocked flavors.  All of the chests work with the
 pneumatic tubes of the pipeworks mod.
 
+radioactivity
+-------------
+
+The technic mod adds radioactivity to the game, as a hazard that can
+harm player characters.  Certain substances in the game are radioactive,
+and when placed as blocks in the game world will damage nearby players.
+Conversely, some substances attenuate radiation, and so can be used
+for shielding.  The radioactivity system is based on reality, but is
+not an attempt at serious simulation: like the rest of the game, it has
+many simplifications and deliberate deviations from reality in the name
+of game balance.
+
+In real life radiological hazards can be roughly divided into three
+categories based on the time scale over which they act: prompt radiation
+damage (such as radiation burns) that takes effect immediately; radiation
+poisoning that becomes visible in hours and lasts weeks; and cumulative
+effects such as increased cancer risk that operate over decades.
+The game's version of radioactivity causes only prompt damage, not
+any delayed effects.  Damage comes in the abstracted form of removing
+the player's hit points, and is immediately visible to the player.
+As with all other kinds of damage in the game, the player can restore
+the hit points by eating food items.  High-nutrition foods, such as the
+pie baskets supplied by the bushes\_classic mod, are a useful tool in
+dealing with radiological hazards.
+
+Only a small range of items in the game are radioactive.  From the technic
+mod, the only radioactive items are uranium ore, refined uranium blocks,
+nuclear reactor cores (when operating), and the materials released when
+a nuclear reactor melts down.  Other mods can plug into the technic
+system to make their own block types radioactive.  Radioactive items
+are harmless when held in inventories.  They only cause radiation damage
+when placed as blocks in the game world.
+
+The rate at which damage is caused by a radioactive block depends on the
+distance between the source and the player.  Distance matters because the
+damaging radiation is emitted equally in all directions by the source,
+so with distance it spreads out, so less of it will strike a target
+of any specific size.  The amount of radiation absorbed by a target
+thus varies in proportion to the inverse square of the distance from
+the source.  The game imitates this aspect of real-life radioactivity,
+but with some simplifications.  While in real life the inverse square law
+is only really valid for sources and targets that are small relative to
+the distance between them, in the game it is applied even when the source
+and target are large and close together.  Specifically, the distance is
+measured from the center of the radioactive block to the abdomen of the
+player character.  For extremely close encounters, such as where the
+player swims in a radioactive liquid, there is an enforced lower limit
+on the effective distance.
+
+Different types of radioactive block emit different amounts of radiation.
+The least radioactive of the radioactive block types is uranium ore,
+which causes 0.25 HP/s damage to a player 1 m away.  A block of refined
+but unenriched uranium, as an example, is nine times as radioactive,
+and so will cause 2.25 HP/s damage to a player 1 m away.  By the inverse
+square law, the damage caused by that uranium block reduces by a factor
+of four at twice the distance, that is to 0.5625 HP/s at a distance of 2
+m, or by a factor of nine at three times the distance, that is to 0.25
+HP/s at a distance of 3 m.  Other radioactive block types are far more
+radioactive than these: the most radioactive of all, the result of a
+nuclear reactor melting down, is 1024 times as radioactive as uranium ore.
+
+Uranium blocks are radioactive to varying degrees depending on their
+isotopic composition.  An isotope being fissile, and thus good as
+reactor fuel, is essentially uncorrelated with it being radioactive.
+The fissile U-235 is about six times as radioactive than the non-fissile
+U-238 that makes up the bulk of natural uranium, so one might expect that
+enriching from 0.7% fissile to 3.5% fissile (or depleting to 0.0%) would
+only change the radioactivity of uranium by a few percent.  But actually
+the radioactivity of enriched uranium is dominated by the non-fissile
+U-234, which makes up only about 50 parts per million of natural uranium
+but is about 19000 times more radioactive than U-238.  The radioactivity
+of natural uranium comes just about half from U-238 and half from U-234,
+and the uranium gets enriched in U-234 along with the U-235.  This makes
+3.5%-fissile uranium about three times as radioactive as natural uranium,
+and 0.0%-fissile uranium about half as radioactive as natural uranium.
+
+Radiation is attenuated by the shielding effect of material along the
+path between the radioactive block and the player.  In general, only
+blocks of homogeneous material contribute to the shielding effect: for
+example, a block of solid metal has a shielding effect, but a machine
+does not, even though the machine's ingredients include a metal case.
+The shielding effect of each block type is based on the real-life
+resistance of the material to ionising radiation, but for game balance
+the effectiveness of shielding is scaled down from real life, more so
+for stronger shield materials than for weaker ones.  Also, whereas in
+real life materials have different shielding effects against different
+types of radiation, the game only has one type of damaging radiation,
+and so only one set of shielding values.
+
+Almost any solid or liquid homogeneous material has some shielding value.
+At the low end of the scale, 5 meters of wooden planks nearly halves
+radiation, though in that case the planks probably contribute more
+to safety by forcing the player to stay 5 m further away from the
+source than by actual attenuation.  Dirt halves radiation in 2.4 m,
+and stone in 1.7 m.  When a shield must be deliberately constructed,
+the preferred materials are metals, the denser the better.  Iron and
+steel halve radiation in 1.1 m, copper in 1.0 m, and silver in 0.95 m.
+Lead would halve in 0.69 m (its in-game shielding value is 80).  Gold halves radiation
+in 0.53 m (factor of 3.7 per meter), but is a bit scarce to use for
+this purpose.  Uranium halves radiation in 0.31 m (factor of 9.4 per
+meter), but is itself radioactive.  The very best shielding in the game
+is nyancat material (nyancats and their rainbow blocks), which halves
+radiation in 0.22 m (factor of 24 per meter), but is extremely scarce. See [technic/technic/radiation.lua](https://github.com/minetest-technic/technic/blob/master/technic/radiation.lua) for the in-game shielding values, which are different from real-life values.
+
+If the theoretical radiation damage from a particular source is
+sufficiently small, due to distance and shielding, then no damage at all
+will actually occur.  This means that for any particular radiation source
+and shielding arrangement there is a safe distance to which a player can
+approach without harm.  The safe distance is where the radiation damage
+would theoretically be 0.25 HP/s.  This damage threshold is applied
+separately for each radiation source, so to be safe in a multi-source
+situation it is only necessary to be safe from each source individually.
+
+The best way to use uranium as shielding is in a two-layer structure,
+of uranium and some non-radioactive material.  The uranium layer should
+be nearer to the primary radiation source and the non-radioactive layer
+nearer to the player.  The uranium provides a great deal of shielding
+against the primary source, and the other material shields against
+the uranium layer.  Due to the damage threshold mechanism, a meter of
+dirt is sufficient to shield fully against a layer of fully-depleted
+(0.0%-fissile) uranium.  Obviously this is only worthwhile when the
+primary radiation source is more radioactive than a uranium block.
+
+When constructing permanent radiation shielding, it is necessary to
+pay attention to the geometry of the structure, and particularly to any
+holes that have to be made in the shielding, for example to accommodate
+power cables.  Any hole that is aligned with the radiation source makes a
+"shine path" through which a player may be irradiated when also aligned.
+Shine paths can be avoided by using bent paths for cables, passing
+through unaligned holes in multiple shield layers.  If the desired
+shielding effect depends on multiple layers, a hole in one layer still
+produces a partial shine path, along which the shielding is reduced,
+so the positioning of holes in each layer must still be considered.
+Tricky shine paths can also be addressed by just keeping players out of
+the dangerous area.
+
 electrical power
 ----------------
 
@@ -828,7 +969,8 @@
 energy to let an electrical network cope with mismatched supply and
 demand.  They have a secondary purpose of charging and discharging
 powered tools.  They are thus a mixture of electrical infrastructure,
-powered machine, and generator.
+powered machine, and generator.  Battery boxes connect to cables only
+from the bottom.
 
 MV and HV battery boxes have upgrade slots.  Energy upgrades increase
 the capacity of a battery box, each by 10% of the un-upgraded capacity.
@@ -843,16 +985,16 @@
 infrastructure of that tier, just to get access to faster charging.
 
 MV and HV battery boxes work with pneumatic tubes.  An item can be input
-to the charging slot through the bottom of the battery box, or to the
-discharging slot through the top.  Items are not accepted through the
-front, back, or sides.  With a tube upgrade, fully charged/discharged
-tools (as appropriate for their slot) will be ejected through a side.
+to the charging slot through the sides or back of the battery box, or
+to the discharging slot through the top.  With a tube upgrade, fully
+charged/discharged tools (as appropriate for their slot) will be ejected
+through a side.
 
 ### processing machines ###
 
 The furnace, alloy furnace, grinder, extractor, compressor, and centrifuge
 have much in common.  Each implements some industrial process that
-transforms items into other items, and they manner in which they present
+transforms items into other items, and the manner in which they present
 these processes as powered machines is essentially identical.
 
 Most of the processing machines operate on inputs of only a single type
@@ -877,7 +1019,7 @@
 complex: it will put an arriving item in either input slot, preferring to
 stack it with existing items of the same type.  It doesn't matter which
 slot each of the alloy furnace's inputs is in, so it doesn't matter that
-there's no direct control ovar that, but there is a risk that supplying
+there's no direct control over that, but there is a risk that supplying
 a lot of one item type through tubes will result in both slots containing
 the same type of item, leaving no room for the second input.
 
@@ -1012,7 +1154,7 @@
 ### forcefield emitter ###
 
 The forcefield emitter is an HV powered machine that generates a
-forcefield remeniscent of those seen in many science-fiction stories.
+forcefield reminiscent of those seen in many science-fiction stories.
 
 The emitter can be configured to generate a forcefield of either
 spherical or cubical shape, in either case centered on the emitter.
@@ -1061,7 +1203,7 @@
 
 ### fuel-fired generators ###
 
-The fiel-fired generators are electrical power generators that generate
+The fuel-fired generators are electrical power generators that generate
 power by the combustion of fuel.  Versions of them are available for
 all three voltages (LV, MV, and HV).  These are all capable of burning
 any type of combustible fuel, such as coal.  They are relatively easy
@@ -1110,12 +1252,12 @@
 
 ### hydro generator ###
 
-The hydro generator is an LV power generator that generates a small amount
-of power from the natural motion of water.  To operate, the generator must
-be horizontally adjacent to water.  It doesn't matter whether the water
-consists of source blocks or flowing blocks.  Having water adjacent on
-more than one side, up to the full four, increases the generator's output.
-The water itself is unaffected by the generator.
+The hydro generator is an LV power generator that generates a respectable
+amount of power from the natural motion of water.  To operate, the
+generator must be horizontally adjacent to flowing water.  The power
+produced is dependent on how much flow there is across any or all four
+sides, the most flow of course coming from water that's flowing straight
+down.
 
 ### geothermal generator ###
 
@@ -1349,6 +1491,5 @@
     *   sonic screwdriver
 *   liquid cans
 *   wrench
-*   radioactivity
 *   frames
 *   templates

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